New Delhi, 13 May

The government on Wednesday sharply hiked import duties on gold and silver to 15 per cent to discourage purchases and trim non-essential imports, against the backdrop of a ballooning import bill amid the West Asia crisis.

Effective 13 May, the import duty on gold and silver has been increased to 15 per cent from 6 per cent, and that on platinum to 15.4 per cent from 6.4 per cent. Consequential changes have also been made to other items such as gold/silver dore, coins, findings, etc.

Gold and silver imports jumped 26.7 per cent year-on-year to USD 102.5 billion in FY2025-26, with their share in total imports rising to 14 per cent from 11.8 per cent in 2024-25.

The duty hike came within days of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's clarion call for curbs on gold purchases, along with other austerity measures to reduce avoidable foreign exchange expenditure.

Gold imports in India, the world's second-biggest gold consumer after China, are driven by the jewellery industry demand. Such imports involve substantial outflow of foreign exchange.

The rupee hit a record low of 95.75 against the US dollar on Tuesday, but recovered some lost ground on Wednesday after the gold import duty was announced.

"During periods of external stress, measured moderation of discretionary imports may contribute significantly to overall macro-economic stability and prudent external-sector management," a source said, explaining the rationale behind the duty hike.

Through the duty hikes carried out on Wednesday, basic customs duty on gold has been doubled to 10 per cent, while agriculture infrastructure and development cess (AIDC) has been hiked fivefold from 1 per cent to 5 per cent. This takes the effective import duty on gold and silver to 15 per cent.

Besides, importers have to pay a 3 per cent Integrated GST (IGST), which takes the total duty to 18.45 per cent from 9.18 per cent earlier.

All India Gems and Jewellery Council (GJC) Chairman Rajesh Rokde said the import duty hike will make gold costlier by around Rs 27,000 per 10 grams.

"What the industry fears is that this will give rise to the grey market... smuggling is likely to grow, setting up a parallel economy in the country," Rokde said.

Jewellery retailer Senco Gold and Diamonds MD and CEO Suvankar Sen said he expects the gold import duty to remain high till the West Asia crisis subsides.

"So maybe for around one year, it shall stay at these levels. The volumes might get impacted by 10-15 per cent, but value-wise, it will remain at a higher level. Consumers will buy lighter-weight jewellery," he added.

Government sources said the import duty increase is a "preventive measure" amid "extraordinary external conditions" and is intended to moderate avoidable import demand and ease pressure on the external account.

The measure is neither prohibitory nor anti-consumer in nature, a source said.

"Rather than resorting to quantitative restrictions or more severe import-management tools, the approach relies on moderate price-based disincentives that preserve market flexibility and consumer choice," another source said.

The increase in customs duty on precious metals is intended to moderate avoidable import demand and ease pressure on the external account, sources said, adding that it is a "calibrated and proportionate intervention" designed to encourage moderation in non-essential imports at a time when external vulnerabilities remain elevated.

Sources said the ongoing war in West Asia is expected to balloon India's import bill, and the government wants to prioritise forex expenditure towards essential imports like crude oil, fertilisers, industrial raw materials and capital goods that directly support economic activity and food security.

The war in West Asia and the effective blockade of the Strait of Hormuz have raised prices of crude oil, food, and fertiliser imports. Brent crude prices have jumped from about USD 73/ barrel level prevailing before the war started on February 28 to around USD 107/barrel. It had touched a 4-year high of USD 126/barrel on 30 April.

India imports 87 per cent of its crude requirement, of which 46 per cent transits through or near the Strait of Hormuz, where the seven-day moving average tanker traffic has fallen to five vessels. 60 per cent of India's LPG is imported, over 90 per cent via the Gulf. Besides, 38 per cent of annual remittances originate in Gulf countries.

India's gold imports surged more than 24 per cent to an all-time high of USD 71.98 billion in 2025-26. In volume terms, however, the shipments dipped 4.76 per cent to 721.03 tonnes in 2025-26.

The prices of gold have risen from USD 76,617.48/KG in FY25 to USD 99,825.38/KG in FY26.

In the national capital, the price of gold increased by Rs 1,500, or nearly 1 per cent, to Rs 1,56,800 per 10 grams on Tuesday from Monday's closing level of Rs 1,55,300 per 10 grams. Silver prices also advanced by Rs 12,000, or 4.53 per cent, to Rs 2,77,000 per kg.

In the international market, spot gold slipped USD 42.33, or 1 per cent, to USD 4,692.64 per ounce while silver fell 3.04 per cent to USD 83.49 per ounce.

Chief Economic Advisor V Anantha Nageswaran on Tuesday said the ongoing West Asia crisis is a "live balance of payments (BoP) stress test", with direct consequences for inflation, the current account, and the exchange rate. BoP is the difference between inflows into and outflows of foreign exchange from the country.